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it doesn't "force release" of seretonin at all. it is a mild seretonin (and norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitor.
"Basal serotonin release was preferentially enhanced by the (+) enantiomer and stimulation-evoked norepinephrine release was preferentially enhanced by the (-) enantiomer."
-Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL, Jacoby HI, Selve N
R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Spring House, Pennsylvania.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993 Oct;267(1):331-40
http://members.aol.com/fibroworld/ultram2.htm
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"Tramadol may also induce serotonin release, particularly at higher concentrations."
- Serotonin Syndrome Resulting from Coadministration of Tramadol, Venlafaxine, and...
Houlihan Ann Pharmacother.2004; 38: 411-413.
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" Although the precise mode of action is unclear, the analgesic properties of tramadol appear to result partly from an action on opioid receptors, and partly through inhibition of noradrenaline re-uptake and enhanced serotonin release."
"Individual vulnerability appears to play a role in the development of SS. It is likely that the activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors by mirtazapine, the combined serotonin reuptake inhibition by venlafaxine and tramadol, as well as possible serotonin release by tramadol, contributed to the development of SS in this case."
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Tramadol Detox
Re: Tramadol Detox