They can share what meds they have dispensed, but not the reason for it, or the diagnosis, etc.
And it's legal. Sorry, I don't agree with it either, but Hippa laws don't apply here, IF she lives in a state that has passed the prescription database law.

Just do a search on the web for "prescription monitoring database states". You'll be able to find if your state participates in it or not. And you will also see how many states are doing it now. Alot.

Sorry, unfortunate, and like I said I don't agree with it, but it's legal. I really would make it a priority to find out if your state has this plan/law.
That would answer most of your questions.

As far as the doctors names that you didn't recognize being read, got me there ?
Maybe contact your state, and find out exactly how or if, you can get a printout of this database they have on you.
Not sure if it's possible.

This is all just going on the presumption you live in one of these states. Really, please check and see- you can find out on the internet.

If you do not live in one of these states, then something funny's going on, and that's a whole other story.
But that's a big risk for that doctor to have taken, reading off a list of meds you have been rx-ed , all from different doctors, unless he knew he was protected.
Which is what leads me to believe you live in a prescription monitoring database state.